Текст про витамины на английском с переводом

The word “vitamin” goes back to the Polish scientist Casimir Funk in 1912.  He was studying a substance in the layer that covers rice.  This substance was believed to cure a disease called beriberi.

Funk believed the substance belonged to a group of chemicals known as amines.  He added the Latin word «vita,» meaning life.  So he called the substance a “vitamine” — an amine necessary for life.

Scientists have discovered fourteen kinds of vitamins.  They are known as vitamins A, the B group, C, D, E and K.  Scientists say vitamins help to carry out chemical changes in cells.  If we do not get enough of the vitamins we need in our food, we may develop a number of diseases. 

This brings us back to Casmir Funk.  His studies of rice were part of a long search for foods that could cure disease.

One of the first people involved in that search was James Lind of Scotland.  In the 1740s, Lind was a doctor for the British navy.  He investigated a problem that had existed in the navy for many years. 

The problem was the disease scurvy.  So many sailors had scurvy that the navy’s lost some of its strength.  The sailors were weak from bleeding inside their bodies.  Even the smallest wound would not heal.  Doctor Lind thought the sailors were getting sick because they failed to eat some kinds of foods when they were at sea for many months.

Doctor Lind separated twelve sailors who had scurvy into two groups.  He gave each group different foods to eat.  One group got oranges and lemons.  The other did not.  The men who ate the fruit began to improve within seven days.  The other men got weaker.  Doctor Lind was correct.  Eating citrus fruits prevents scurvy.

Types of Vitamins

Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry.  It is also needed to make a light-sensitive substance in the eyes.  People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness.  Their eys may get dry.  This can result in infections and lead to blindness.

Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil.  It also is in the yellow part of eggs.  Sweet potatoes, carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A. 

Vitamin B-one is also called thiamine.  Thiamine changes starchy foods into energy.  It also helps the heart and nervous system work well.  Without it, we would be weak and would not grow.  We also might develop beriberi. Apart from rice thiamine is found in beans , peas, nuts, meat and fish.

Another B-vitamin is niacin.  It helps cells use food energy.  It also prevents pellagra -a disease that causes weakness, reddish skin and stomach problems.  Niacin is found in meat, fish and green vegetables.

Vitamin B-12 helps produce red blood cells.  It is found naturally in foods such as eggs, meat, fish and milk products.  It also helps babies of pregnant mothers before they are born .  Vitamin B-12 is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods and citrus fruits.  In some countries, it is added to products like bread.

Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth, and for healthy blood.  It also helps wounds heal quickly.  Because our body stores little vitamin C we must get it every day in foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes and cabbage.

Vitamin D helps make calcium in the blood.  Calcium is needed for nerve and muscle cells to work normally.  It also is needed to build strong bones.  Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D.  Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D.  In some countries, milk producers add vitamin D to milk so children will get enough.

Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood.  It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding.  Bacteria in the intestines normally produce vitamin K.  It can also be found in pork products, liver and in vegetables like cabbage, and spinach.

Some people fear they do not get enough vitamins from the foods they eat.  So they take products with large amounts of vitamins.  They think these products or vitamin supplements will improve their health and protect them from disease.

Experts note that taking too much of some vitamins can be harmful.  People should be sure to discuss what vitamins they take with their doctors.  This is because some vitamins can cause harmful effects when mixed with medicines.

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Другие языки

A vitamin found in meat, fish and milk may help stave off memory loss in old age, a study has suggested.

Согласно исследованию, витамин, который содержится в мясе, рыбе и молоке, может помочь предотвратить потерю памяти в старости.

Older people with lower than average vitamin B12 levels were more than six times more likely to experience brain shrinkage,
researchers concluded.

Исследователи пришли к заключению, что пожилые люди с уровнем потребления витамина В12 ниже среднего
переживают снижение умственных способностей более чем в шесть раз чаще.

The University of Oxford study, published in the journal Neurology, tested the 107 apparently healthy volunteers over a
five-year period.

В опубликованном в журнале «Неврология» исследовании Оксфордского университета приводятся результаты тестирования 107 здоровых добровольцев
в течение пяти лет.

Some studies suggest two out of five people are deficient in the vitamin.

Результаты исследований также показывают, что два человека из пяти испытывают недостаток этого витамина.

The problem is even more common among the elderly, and recent moves to supplement bread with folic acid caused concern that this could
mask B12 deficiency symptoms in older people.

Эта проблема является ещё более распространённой среди людей старшего возраста, а добавление в хлеб фолиевой кислоты вызывает опасения,
что это может скрывать симптомы нехватки витамина В12 у пожилых людей.

The Oxford study looked at a group of people between 61 and 87, splitting it into thirds depending on the participants’
vitamin B12 levels.

В исследовании, проведённом в Оксфорде, наблюдали за группой людей в возрасте от 61 года до 87 лет, разбив
эту группу на три части, в зависимости от уровня потребления витамина В12 у участников.

Even the third with the lowest levels were still above a threshold used by some scientists to define vitamin B12 deficiency.

Даже у трети с самыми низкими уровнями витамина уровень был выше порога, используемого некоторыми учеными для
определения дефицита витамина В12.

However, they were still much more likely to show signs of brain shrinkage over the five-year period.

Тем не менее, они все же с намного большей вероятностью показали признаки снижения интеллекта
в течение пятилетнего периода.

Liver and shellfish

Печень и моллюск

Professor David Smith, who directs the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, said he now planned a trial of
B vitamins in the elderly to see if taking them could slow brain shrinkage.

Профессор Дэвид Смит, который руководит Оксфордским проектом по исследованию памяти и старения, рассказал, что
планирует испытать влияние витаминов группы В на пожилых людей, чтобы понять, может ли их приём
замедлить снижение интеллекта.

He said: «This study adds another dimension to our understanding of the effects of B vitamins on the brain – the rate of shrinkage of the
brain as we age may be partly influenced by what we eat.»

Он сказал: «Это исследование добавляет новое измерение во взглядах на воздействие витаминов группы В на мозг –
на темп снижения умственных способностей по мере того, как мы стареем, может быть частично влияет то,
чем мы питаемся».

Shrinkage has been strongly linked with a higher risk of developing dementia at a later stage and Rebecca Wood, the chief executive of the
Alzheimer’s Research Trust, said further research was needed.

Снижение умственных способностей связано с более высоким риском развития слабоумия на более поздней
стадии, а Ребекка Вуд, исполнительный директор исследовательской организации
болезни Альцгеймера, отметила, что необходимо дальнейшее исследование.

«This study suggests that consuming more vitamin B12 through eating meat, fish, fortified cereals or milk as part of a balanced diet
might help protect the brain. Liver and shellfish are particularly rich sources of B12.

«Это исследование говорит о том, что потребление большего количества витамина В12 через пищу – мясо, рыбу, каши
из зерновых или молоко, как часть сбалансированной диеты, могло бы помочь защитить мозг. Печень и моллюски являются
особенно богаты витамином В12.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common problem among elderly people in the UK and has been linked to declining memory and dementia.»

Недостаток витамина В12 является наиболее распространенной проблемой среди пожилых людей в Великобритании и
ведёт к снижению памяти и слабоумию».

Dr Susanne Sorensen, from the Alzheimer’s Society said: «Shrinkage is usually associated with the development of dementia.

Доктор Сюзанна Соренсен из организации
«Сообщество поддержки больных синдромом Альцгеймера» сказала: «Снижение умственных способностей обычно связывается с развитием слабоумия.

As vitamin B may be given as a food supplement, it may be useful to include tests of vitamin B levels in the general assessment of health of
older individuals.

Поскольку витамин В можно давать как пищевую добавку, вероятно будет полезно включить тесты уровней витамина В в
общей оценке здоровья пожилых людей.

This is another example of why it is crucial for people to lead a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet rich in B vitamins and
antioxidants.

Это ещё один пример того, почему является критичным для людей вести здоровый образ жизни со сбалансированным
питанием, богатым витаминами В и антиоксидантами.

The best way to reduce your risk of developing dementia is to keep active, eat a balanced diet, don’t smoke and visit your GP to
get your blood pressure and cholesterol checked.»

Лучший способ уменьшить риск развития слабоумия – это продолжать быть активным, есть сбалансированную
пишу, не курить, и посещать вашего терапевта для проверки кровяного давления и уровня холестерина».

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